Since the beginning of the human civilization people got together physically to share their emotions, feeling & experiences because human is a species who likes to be as a herd or as a group. Due to the changes occurred in the behavior & life style with the development of the technology people got isolated. Social Media arose as a solution for isolation which allows people to share their experiences virtually. Thanks for the social media now people in every nook & corner all around the world can get closer and make relationships without any barriers of age, gender, social& cultural issues. Though the social media is for all it is much prevailing among the teen ages & youths. Among all the social media networks Facebook, Tweeter, LinkedIn are the most popular social Medias.

Day by day more & more advanced and user friendly options and facilities are added to attract more people towards the social media. In a way, we can imagine Facebook as a mirror where Individuals entertain superficially protecting their emotional relations, “like” button in Facebook; we are hungry for emotional experiences to fill our inner void, a lot of individuals start to follow tendencies to find a group, looking for feelings and experiences.

To get worst, people are starting to accommodate with the ease of smartphones, which can give them everything they believe is needed without having them to get up off the couch. This ability smartphones and tablets possess has to be deal with very carefully as we are might starting to become with time, more narrow-minded from what’s around us - the system we live in, laws, politics, cultural issues, etc. What if in a few decades we won’t have access to our Internet browser in computers and mobiles, only accessing online information through apps? The answers to this question could be catastrophic for our modern society.

The moment we live in is probably one of the most decisive for human society, the paths we are taking in the way of dealing and living with technology will influence our future generations for ages. Hence, we need to double our attention by deciding who is leading us and where to. Otherwise, we might find out Albert Einstein's foresee was right with his saying:“I fear the day when the technology overlaps with our humanity. The world will only have a generation of idiots.”

When Social Media was young and emerging, it was considered to be part of entertainment and interaction. Now we can find social networking being a very important and an unavoidable aspect in our daily lives. But interestingly this sector of media has grown into something that is fixed, serious and real. Everything is recorded, saved and can exists for years or maybe even for decades. In this chapter we are focusing on different aspects of legal issues in social media and try to see what future will hold for our generation. More attention should pay towards the internet law & social behavior business as many situations are recorded in misusing internet especially in the area of copyright infringements, trademarks, privacy and business issues. We post images, videos, music, texts and other material online without letting the lawful owner know where their content is going to appear. This may cause legal consequences or in the mildest cases you can get away with it by taking the content down. However, the best way to spread other users' content is to refer to the original author if possible. In future regulations on copyrights and trademark infringements will be most probably even more tighter as this has happened already in the past years

Most people are already hooked and can’t live without daily dose of social networking. It will be very interesting to see how far social media platforms will take their policies in the future and what will be the result of this. 

Not very long ago we had the freedom to interact with people around the globe anonymously, without identifying ourselves. An Interactive playground with no fixed rules and a great platform for entertainment. Now many businesses see a great opportunity in the social networks, they have emerged to the viral environment to interact with us. This has lead into loss of personal privacy and will most probably keep on doing so. Tag, Like, Share, Feed, Tweet, etc., but this can all be turned against you. Everything needs to be identified and boxed, not a single stone can be left unturned in the name of safety. Social networks ask people to submit their real information and data by applying “security measures”, but at the same time our data may be already transferred to the third parties who will find our information as a valuable asset. That happens often, for example, in the area of advertising. A recent suspicious example is rumors about anonymous Facebook users buying Estonian Facebook users accounts and their friends for personal usage in the area of advertisement .Another very suspicious matter of social media usage is when judging employees. Most employers search the candidates’ social network profiles to get a better overview of them. This is legal as there is no law around this, but it has caused a lot of debate on the equality and neutrality of hiring process. Also firing employees due to their social media activities could be and are considered a legal issue.

Even though security measures are becoming more and strict, the possibility of identity thefts might increase, if these sites would ever be hacked. This makes us think weather we really want to give away valuable information of us or not. Security is important in reality and we can be more sure about it in real life then online. Where is our data going online, who is controlling it and what is done with it, is unquestionably scary? It’s hard to predict weather our future will bring us more security in the realms of social media platforms, but if the security measures are more tightened, there is always a small hole in the system.

Right now the generation of young people is growing up with a social media. Most of the social media are made for them being a target audience. It is often providing us to multi-tasking, therefore, it is difficult to concentrate to one thing and result for that could be things that are not well done. Generation like this is “constantly connected”. But to they realize what can be consequences for being this kind of generation? Is it more a good thing or a bad and how big is people's awareness of that?

The model of how youngsters are communicating these days is very different of how it was 10 years ago. In many aspects social media existence is affecting our lives and not in a good way. For example physical aspect – young people are using social media very often and the most common way to do that is sitting behind a computer. That kind of lifestyle is affecting their body and brain. Although the research of Internet usage is still in its early stage, constant usage might actually change how our brains work - result for that can be limited attention span, bad memory, lower comprehension, poor focus and greater risk for depression. So constantly sitting in one position is not good for person health – also spending lot of time watching the screen is bad for eyes.

Another important aspect what youngsters are lacking while using social media is their face-to-face communication with other people. They are being more and more anti-social and more “media centered” social. When lacking real conversations, people also have fewer opportunities to self-reflect - children develop in the context of a relationship and emotions are central in all relationships.

If sometimes even adults can easily lose themselves in social media and not understand what is right or wrong then for younger people it is more difficult. But it is much easier for adults to separate the ethical aspects than it is for children. Cause kids are saying and doing things they tend to regret latter on. Children are giving up their privacy before they fully understand what privacy is and why it's important to all of us.

It is quite clear that social media has a impact for young people who are growing up with it – that constant sitting behind computer or looking into screens of tablets and smart-phones is bad for physical health, communicating in social media is affecting face-to-face communication and can easily disturb children mental stages. Also in ethical aspects there can be misunderstands, especially among youngsters – it is hard to define what is wrong and what is right in virtual world. But we do not have lots of examples of that kind of generations so, therefore, it is really hard to see all the consequences that consuming social media can provide. Probably we are smarter in next 50 years, when more generations have growing up side by side with social media. The impact of heavy media and technology use on kids' social, emotional and cognitive development is only beginning to be studied, and the emergent results are serious. Clinton article also suggested that they should discuss how social media could help empower kids to find their voice, their purpose and potentially create the next technology revolution.

“we don't have a choice on whether we DO social media, the question is HOW WELL we do it.”

 - Erik Qualm an -

This statement clearly guides us how to use the social media in the correct & proper manner. It is the responsibility of the elders to guide the youngsters to use the social media correctly as well as the elders should set examples for the younger generation in proper use of social media.

Udari Madubashini

[CIS 2010/2011]
udasach@gmail.com

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We all know that the famous "Start" menu was lost in Windows 8.But now it will be back with the introduction of Windows 10.

On Monday, January 12, Microsoft teasingly tweeted "Keep on starting. The Start Menu is back on #Windows10. More coming 1.21.15." Of course, if you've been following along since Windows 10 was unveiled at the event in San Francisco on September 30, 2014, you already know that the Start Menu is front and center in the new operating system. Certainly, a host of other new features were revealed. They are, 

• A new Task view button

• Multiple desktops

• Snap enhancements

• Apps that run in a window

However, the return of the Start Menu definitely stole the show as one of the more news worthy features.

So, it makes sense that Microsoft would use the return of the Start Menu to drum up suspense for its next event. This one is being called "Windows 10: The next chapter" and will be held at on Microsoft's Redmond campus on January 21, 2015.

As you would expect, the main focus of the event will be the return of the Windows Insider Program and the release of a new build. Microsoft has had plenty of time to prepare the new build of Windows 10, and we should expect to see that some major enhancements have been made to the new build of the operating system. In fact, in a post on December 17, 2014, Gabe Aul, who leads the Data & Fundamentals Team within the Operating Systems Group, said:

"You'll see some big things, lots of small improvements, and I hope there will be something for each of you to point to and know your influence was felt and appreciated by us. I'm confident that the next build we release will be an exciting one and will show how Windows 10 is evolving with your input."

While there isn't anything concrete in Aul's post, there have been lots rumors and a host of leaked build screen shots to whet our appetites. However, only time will tell us for sure what the next build will contain. In the meantime, all of the world have some questions on what they might see in the next chapter of Windows 10. So we can speculate them as below:

• Will the OneDrive sync feature be back in place?

• Will the rest of taskbar icons be more flat looking -- like the Task View icon in Build 9879?

• Will the PC settings app completely replace the Control Panel?

• Based on the tweet, will there be enhancements to the new Start Menu?

• Will there be additional native apps?

• Will new there be a more integrated Xbox app?

• Will there be light and dark themes like on the Windows Phone?

• We might get some more details on how Microsoft is planning on distributing Windows 10. Will it be free, priced normally, or will it be a subscription like Office 365?

Udeshika Indumani
[CIS 2010/2011]
udeshiaka700@gmail.com

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With this post I'm gonna have brief cover on the some important Object Oriented Concepts with the help of C# and C++ coding.

Inheritance
If the object or a Class( take it as A) that based on another class( take it as B) we called A inherits B or A is a child of B. It allows to use permitted properties and methods of parent without implementing them inside the children  with in children.


C++

class A

{

    public int Num;

};

//Child Class

class B : A

{

    public string name;

};

class C

{

  public string email;

};

//Multiple inheritance

class D : A,C

{

    

};

C#

class A

    {

        public int Num { get; set; }

    }

    class B:A

    {

        public string name { get; set; }

    }

 Unfortunately C# doesn't support for multiple inheritance. To archive multiple inheritance functionality there there is way with interfaces. Hoping to add some separate article about interfaces.



Magical Static
 Static is one of important keyword that programmers using rapidly. static has two meanings with the usage of it.

if static keyword is using with variable in the code that means there is only one instance of that variable through out the execution time.

if static keyword is using with method it means that method can be used without create any instance of class or outside the class.

static members are not bounded with the class.

C++

class demo

{

    public:

        static int staticVariable;

        static int StaticFuntion();

};

//set the value for static variable

int demo::staticVariable = 10;

int demo::StaticFuntion()

{

    return 3;

};

int main()

{

    cout<<demo::staticVariable<<"\n";

    cout<<demo::StaticFuntion();

}

C#

public class Demo

   {

       public static int staicNumber { get; set; }

       public static int staticMethod()

       {

           return 3;

       }

   }

   class Demo2

   {

       public void funtion()

       {

           MessageDialog ms = new MessageDialog(Demo.staticMethod().ToString());

           ms.ShowAsync();

           MessageDialog ms2 = new MessageDialog(Demo.staicNumber.ToString());

           ms2.ShowAsync();

       }

   }

Access Modifiers and Key Words

Access modifiers defines the accessibility level of Class, Property or Method .
There are three basic access modifiers

• Public

The type or member can be accessed by any other code in the same assembly or another assembly that references it.

• Private

The type or member can be accessed only by code in the same class or structure.

• Protected

The type or member can be accessed only by code in the same class or struct, or in a class that is derived from that class.

C++

class demo

{

    public:

         int staticVariable;

         int StaticFuntion();

    private:

         int staticVariable1;

         int StaticFuntion1();

    protected:

         int staticVariable2;

         int StaticFuntion3();

};

But with C# there is an additional access modifier called internal  this type or member can be accessed by any code in the same solution/namespace, but not from another solution/namespace.

and C# allows to use internal protected type also.

Those access modifiers are applicable for classes also

 C#

public class Demo

   {

       public int MyProperty { get; set; }

       private int MyProperty1 { get; set; }

       protected int MyProperty2 { get; set; }

       internal int MyProperty3 { get; set; }

       internal protected int MyProperty4 { get; set; }

   }

Abstract, Sealed and Partial  are another useful keywords that can be using with Class and Methods  in OOP in C#.

Abstract modifier indicates that the thing being modified has a missing or incomplete implementation.It indicates that a class is intended only to be a base class of other classes. Members marked as abstract, or included in an abstract class, must be implemented by classes that derive from the abstract class.

C#

public class Demo

    {

        abstract public int addition();

    }

    public class Demo2:Demo

    {

        public override int addition()

        {

            return 10;

        }

    }

Sealed modifier prevents other classes from inheriting from it. It seals  the class.

Partial modifier can be used only with Classes and  Methods. It makes available to split code among few classes or code pages.

C#

public partial class Sample

    {

        public void Method1()

        {

        }

    }

    public partial class Sample

    {

        public void Method2()

        {

        }

    }

    public sealed class Demo2 : Demo

    {

        private void GiveExample()

        {

            Sample Object = new Sample();

            Object.Method1();

            Object.Method2();

        }

    }

Polymorphism (Overloading and Overriding)
Polymorphism is a Greek word that means "many-shaped". There is two types of Polymorphism. that is

1. Overloading.
2. Overriding.

Overloading
Overloading is when you have multiple methods in the same scope, with the same name but different signatures.

C++

class Demo

{

   public:

      void Function(int i) {

         

      }

      void Function(string name) {

         

      }

};

C#

//Overloading

public class Demo

{

    public void Function(int id)

    {}

    public void Function(string name)

    {}

}

 Operator Overloading
 This feature is not available with Java. It allows you to change the functionality of operators with our custom arguments. But at the end it should do the similar kind of function that did previously

Scenario :  Assume that we having class called liquor , and we have two instances of that Class called liquor1 and liquor2. this liquor1+liquor2 should will return total addition of all properties that liquor Class got. In here we need to overload the Operator +


Here is the Operators that can be overload
 + - * / % | & ~ !    = < > += -= *= /= %= |=  &= << >> <<= >>= == != <= >= && || ++ -- , -> *-> [ ] ( ) new delete

C++

class liquor

{

    public :

        int capacity;

        string name;

       liquor operator+(liquor l1);

};

liquor liquor:: operator+(liquor l1)

 {

    liquor ans;

    ans.capacity= l1.capacity + capacity;

    ans.name= (l1.name + " " + name);

    return ans;

 }

void Main()

{

    liquor liquor1;

    liquor1.capacity = 10;

    liquor1.name="Vodka";

    liquor liquor2;

    liquor2.capacity = 20;

    liquor2.name = "Vine";

    liquor liquor3 = liquor1 + liquor2;

}

 

 C#

public class liquor

    {

        public int capacity { get; set; }

        public string name { get; set; }

        //overload the + Operator

        public static liquor operator +(liquor l1, liquor l2)

        {

            liquor ans = new liquor(){capacity= l1.capacity + l2.capacity,name= (l1.name + " " + l2.name)};

            return ans;

        }

    }

    public class addition

    {

        //usage function

        public void returnAdition()

        {

            liquor liquor1 = new liquor() { capacity=10, name="Vodka" };

            liquor liquor2 = new liquor() { capacity = 20, name = "Vine" };

            liquor liquor3 = liquor1 + liquor2;

        }

    }

 Overriding is a principle that allows you to change the functionality of a method in a child class.

C++

class A

{

    public:

       virtual void fn(){cout<<10;}; //pure virtual member function

};

class B:A

{

    public:

        void fn()override{cout<<40;}//Overridden

};

 OR

class A

{

    public:

        void fn(){cout<<10;}; //pure virtual member function

};

class B:A

{

    public:

        void fn(){cout<<40;}//Overridden

};

 

 C#

public class Demo

    {

        public virtual void Method2()

        {

            //Print functionality implemented

        }

    }

    public  class Demo2 : Demo

    {

        public override void Method2()

        {

            //Print functionality implemented with some operation

        }

    }

The virtual  keyword is used to modify a method, property, indexer, or event declaration and allow for it to be overridden in a derived class.

********************************************************************************
Article from - Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
********************************************************************************

Prabath Maduranga Peiris
[2008/2009 Batch] - Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

Senior Software Engineer
H-One (Pvt.)Ltd.
prabathsl@outlook.com

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MVC is a strategy how to organise all the classes in your application. All the classes in a app has 3 camps. They are, 

1. Model - Model is what is your program. Model is UI independent.
2. Controller - How something draw in your screen is the Controller’s job.
3. View - View is the building block of the UI. Stuff in your view is generic

To know MVC correct you have to study how those 3 elements communicate with each other. 

Let’s talk about Controller talks to the Model. Controller can directly talks with Model. In the above picture also you can see it clearly. It’s a full unrestricted access. As well as Controller also can talk directly to their View. It layout the user interface to the View to draw in the screen. You can see, there is a name called “Outlet” in the start of that arrow. When we have a property of a controller that point in to the View we call it Outlet.The Model and View should never speak to each other. Model is 100% UI independent. There is no way Model can talk to View. View want to go through Controller to talk to the Model.

View can communicate with the Controller in a blind way. They don’t know the class they talking to. It’s a structured way. Controller has a target & the View has a action. That action can only go the that target. The View sends the action when things happen in the UI. When the View has some complicated ways to communicate. The Controller sets itself as the View’s delegate on those occasions. In the above picture with the Yellow arrow you can see a delegate. Delegation also a blind communication way. And also Views do not own the data they display. When you see something in your screen, it’s not the View’s data. The data is owned by the Model & Controller give those data to the View from Model. To get those data from the Model, View has to use Data Source. Data Source is just a kind of delegate, it’s a specific delegate. In building iOS apps you have to use delegates & also data sources.

Can the Model communicate to the Controller? Good questions. But when we are building apps we have some situations that Model want to communicate to Controller. For example think about a online radio streaming app. When the stream gives data to the Model, Model wants to communicate with the Controller & want to send those data to the Controller. How do we do that communication? It’s similar to radio station broadcast. The mechanism for doing this in iOS is called Notification & KVO. So the model changes, it broadcast that change & Controller tune in to interesting stuff.

This is how MVC works in iOS app development. Hope this will be helpful for your knowledge.

Dilum BC Navanjana
[CIS 2010/2011]
Associate Software Engineer(iOS), 
Creation Application
dilum@creationapplication.com

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